the vertical component of the movement is large. (iv) Earthquakes and landslides are likely to be triggered by faults. (x) Some fault zones form potential oil traps. The height of such a cliff observed at the present time depends on not only the extent of displacement during the fault but also on the long period of time elapsed since the fault occurred. In many cases, faults are characterized by closely spaced fractures among which movements have been distributed. Copyright 10. The symmetrical faults mainly occur at the terminal of the generators. (iii) In a dip fault the strike of the fault is perpendicular to the strike of the strata. By convention the surface of rupture along which relative movements have occurred are termed fault planes. The inclination of the slope varies more than the dip of the fault since erosion softens or flattens the slope. (ix) Faults may create lakes, swamps and marshy zones. An Introduction to Intrinsic Safety 2.4 Faults If a fault can adversely affect the safety of the equipment it is called a ‘countable’ fault. Distribution system fault classification, however, can be a more difficult task, as the assumptions often used in transmission system analysis break down. The fault not belonging to the classification of fault with the attitude of fault as basis _____ a) Heave fault b) Strike fault c) Dip fault d) Oblique fault Answer: a A “fault” is another word for a problem. Rift valleys are deep, narrow and elongated. When the part on one side of the fault plane moves up with respect to the other it will result in the form of a cliff or fault scarp. The throw i.e. As the genetic classification is difficult to discuss, so here geometric classification considered first. The two sides of the fault move closer together. Faults folds and mountains. At many places, due to weather action along the fracture zone is more advanced than in the adjacent rock. Such sudden movements mostly produce earthquakes. Three Types of Faults Normal Faults Reverse Faults Strike-Slip Faults Fault Terminology Fault Plane - the plane along which the rock or crustal material has fractured Hanging Wall Block - the rock material which lies above the fault plane Footwall Block - the rock material which lies below the fault plane. In some situations a few normal faults occur whose fault planes mutually diverge or converge displacing wedge shaped blocks upwards or displacing blocks downwards as shown in Fig. The situation is further complicated because the apparatus standard permits some specially designed components to be regarded as infallible and some inadequately Content Filtrations 6. Many fault zones are sites of mineralization. one open conductor faults, and two open conductor faults. These faults mainly occur because of common issues like failure of joints in overhead lines, cables, failure in the phase of a circuit breaker, melting of conductor or fuse within one phase or more phases. This fault is also called a fault terrace. Dip faults cut off the strata across their strike and offset them to one side or the other. Report a Violation, Joints in Rocks: Meaning and Types | Structural Geology, Folds: Meaning, Classification and System | Geology, Rock Cleavage: Meaning, Types and Importance |Geology, Distinguishing Faults from Geometric Relations, Effects of Faulting on Geologic or Stratigraphic Units. (v) To provide earthquake proof structures it is necessary to have a knowledge of the location and earthquake potential of faults. ADVERTISEMENTS: After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Faults are important due to their various dangerous as well as useful effects. In a continuous geologic feature like a sedimentary bedding if a break in the feature is present it is an indication of the presence of a fault. Fault benches are linear topographic features distinguished by noticeable decrease in slope. If the current values increases, it indicates short circuit fault is occurred. Horsts form long ridges and grabens form long troughs. – SVM: 75% for detection, 93% for classification – kNN: 78% for detection, 84% for classification • Impact of penetration vs. steady-state data – Minimal impact on fault detection accuracy. This is a fault system consisting of a number of faults with parallel fault planes, the separated blocks slipping in the same direction along parallel planes giving a step-like feature. They may also provide passages for mineralising. Discrimination among different types of faults on the … (viii) Fault throw and fault heave constitute most salient factors in the exploration and recovery of mineral veins and coal seams. Such types of fault remain balanced even after the fault. The faults which involve all the three phases is known as the symmetrical fault. The significant among these are slicken sides, brecciation and gouge, shear zones, displacements and drag. Hence the displacement can be in any direction in that plane. Plighted 10(l) crustal deformation processes: folding … (vi) Filling big reservoirs behind dams across river valleys may trigger movements along fault planes leading to earthquakes. An elongated zone of brecciation which intersects bedding is suggestive of faulting. Replaces both Drag refers to the minor folding of strata along the walls of a fault produced by the fault displacement. They are sliced from either the footwall or the hanging wall block by a branch of the fault and are displaced at a considerable distance from their original position. A very fine clay-like product of fault crushing is called gouge. In particular, in order to better understand the impacts of unbalanced systems and real vs. simulated data on classifiers, Dip-Slip Fault: Has a vertical displacement parallel to the dip of the fault plane Fault Plane Fracture Plane 1.C Vertical Dip-Slip Fault * No hanging wall or foot wall UTS * No dip for the fault plane DTS By Dr. Waheed Hashem Andersonian Classification of Faults 2. This fault is also called a thrust fault. The fault on the system may arise on account of the resistance of the arc between the conductors or due to the lower footing resistance. Fault detection and diagnosis is a key component of many operations management automation systems. Effects of Faulting on Geologic or Stratigraphic Units 7. Physiographic features or landscape forms may also be indicative of faulting when seen in the field or recognized on maps or aerial photographs. Faults are subdivided according to the movement of the two blocks. 17.39. These faults are very rarely occurred faults. Geological musings: ramsay fold classifications. Omission or repetition of strata in a known stratigraphic sequence is yet another indication of a fault. Faults and Faulting Geol341-342 Many diagrams are from Earth Structure, van der Pluijm and Marshak, 2004 2016 Topics Ch. The rocks are highly fractured or even crushed to angular fragments along the faults and are called breccias. This is a fault system in which two normal faults occur whose fault planes are inclined providing a common down throw side between them. 17.38 and Fig. There are three or four primary fault types: Normal fault. Importance of Faults. Much of the difficulty in engineering construction in fault areas arises from the altered or rotten rock encountered. Faults may lead to fire breakout that consequently results into loss of property, loss of life and destruction of a power system network. 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