vedas and upanishads religion

Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. Veda, Upanishads and Puranas. To study the Overview of Hinduism, the Upanishads takes crucial part in hindu culture and so it is must to note on. [136] The former manifests itself as Ātman (soul, self), and the latter as Māyā. Max Müller as well as Paul Deussen translate the word Upanishad in these verses as "secret doctrine",[34][35] Robert Hume translates it as "mystic meaning",[36] while Patrick Olivelle translates it as "hidden connections". What a disrespect is expressed for the Vedas in the Bhagavad Gita Chapter 2 Verses 42-45, “Steady understanding does not belong to those, whose minds are drawn by that flowery talk (i.e. ... students with a broad understanding of the principal religious and philosophical ideas contained within the four Vedas and the principal Upanishads. The Vedanta Upanishads follow the lines of major Upanishads in their principles. The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer read the Latin translation and praised the Upanishads in his main work, The World as Will and Representation (1819), as well as in his Parerga and Paralipomena (1851). It states that the over-lordship of the earth may be acquired by sacrificing a horse. Taittiriya Upanishad In Pdf Format eSamskriti Upanishad Sandesha ISKCON Temple Bangalore May 13th, 2018 - Upanishad Sandesha Message Of Upanishads Tamil Telugu Hindi Malayalam Kannada “We Require The Message Of The Vedas And Upanishads In Order To Form A' 'the upanishads in … The Sanskrit word here is 'Shishan + Deva' which means Penis Worshipers. Please send me Veda and Upanishads in Kannada please. Ramanuja - Hindu theologian and Philosopher, Essays on the religion and philosophy of the Hindus, "AAS SAC A.K. Shankara picked out monist and idealist themes from a much wider philosophical lineup. Girls College Nawabshsh; Course ... “Ved nta”, en Hastings, Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics, vol. [168] The school recommends a devotion to godliness and constant remembrance of the beauty and love of personal god. Upanishad refers to the action of sitting down at the feet of a teacher. Ramanujan Book Prize for Translation. The Vedic Upanishads pay attention to the religion of the Vedas and to the meaning of the Vedic sacrifice. Indian Scriptures ... Yajna is described more than “1184″ times in Vedas and “580” times in Rigveda alone. They date back to the beginning of Indian civilization and are the earliest literary records of the whole Aryan race. [21] Some scholars have tried to analyse similarities between Hindu Upanishads and Buddhist literature to establish chronology for the Upanishads. [44], The various philosophical theories in the early Upanishads have been attributed to famous sages such as Yajnavalkya, Uddalaka Aruni, Shvetaketu, Shandilya, Aitareya, Balaki, Pippalada, and Sanatkumara. - Rig veda, Atharvaveda, Sama, Yajurveda. In short, in Hindu religion the cow in venerated to an extent which gods and goddesses and even God Himself does not merit. [53] The chronology of the early Upanishads is difficult to resolve, states philosopher and Sanskritist Stephen Phillips,[18] because all opinions rest on scanty evidence and analysis of archaism, style and repetitions across texts, and are driven by assumptions about likely evolution of ideas, and presumptions about which philosophy might have influenced which other Indian philosophies. AM Sastri, The Śākta Upaniṣads, with the commentary of Śrī Upaniṣad-Brahma-Yogin, Adyar Library. The Upanishadic age was characterized by a pluralism of worldviews. [184] In contrast, Upanishadic focus was the individual, the self (atman, soul), self-knowledge, and the means of an individual's moksha (freedom, liberation in this life or after-life). While some Upanishads have been deemed 'monistic', others, including the Katha Upanishad, are dualistic. In fact, the ancient Upanishads have been embedded in the Vedas, which are the oldest Hindu religious scriptures. Warren Lee Todd (2013), The Ethics of Śaṅkara and Śāntideva: A Selfless Response to an Illusory World. [57] The Chandogya Upanishad was probably composed in a more western than eastern location in the Indian subcontinent, possibly somewhere in the western region of the Kuru-Panchala country. Animal worship culminated in the taking of human beings for gods so that the silhouettes were stamped on the coins and painted on the flags, and upon their honour depended the glory and honour of their realms. Peter Heehs (2002), Indian Religions, New York University Press. Let the phallus worshippers, i.e. pantheists are contrasted, and preference is given to former. This is considered a holy and sacred since it is a Pali Canon or Tipitaka used in Buddhism. The Shvetashvatara Upanishad, for example, includes closing credits to sage Shvetashvatara, and he is considered the author of the Upanishad. fr., … [148], Advaita literally means non-duality, and it is a monistic system of thought. Atman is the predominantly discussed topic in the Upanishads, but they express two distinct, somewhat divergent themes. [171][172][173], In the Vishishtadvaita school, the Upanishads are interpreted to be teaching an Ishwar (Vishnu), which is the seat of all auspicious qualities, with all of the empirically perceived world as the body of God who dwells in everything. They have also had a vast influence on Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Since Mahabharata fails to serve as a handy and useful book of the essence of Hinduism, the present day educated Hindus are adopting the Bhagavat Gita as their guide. SUNY Series in Hindu Studies. [47], Many scholars believe that early Upanishads were interpolated[48] and expanded over time. [105], In similar fashion, Vedic gods such as the Agni, Aditya, Indra, Rudra, Visnu, Brahma, and others become equated in the Upanishads to the supreme, immortal, and incorporeal Brahman-Atman of the Upanishads, god becomes synonymous with self, and is declared to be everywhere, inmost being of each human being and within every living creature. [128][122] Ātman is a central idea in all the Upanishads, and "Know your Ātman" their thematic focus. It then goes on to say that spiritual autonomy can only be achieved by renouncing the universe which is conceived in the image of a horse. What becomes of me after death? [75], The Muktikā Upanishad's list of 108 Upanishads groups the first 13 as mukhya,[81][note 9] 21 as Sāmānya Vedānta, 20 as Sannyāsa,[85] 14 as Vaishnava, 12 as Shaiva, 8 as Shakta, and 20 as Yoga. [62][63], Some of the Upanishads are categorized as "sectarian" since they present their ideas through a particular god or goddess of a specific Hindu tradition such as Vishnu, Shiva, Shakti, or a combination of these such as the Skanda Upanishad. The Vedas merely relate to the effects of the three qualities; do you, O Arjuna! The Upanishads. Jan Westerhoff (2009), Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka: A Philosophical Introduction, Oxford University Press. [166] Madhvacharya, much like Adi Shankara claims for Advaita, and Sri Ramanuja claims for Vishishtadvaita, states that his theistic Dvaita Vedanta is grounded in the Upanishads. They note that there is no historical evidence of the philosophers of the two schools meeting, and point out significant differences in the stage of development, orientation and goals of the two philosophical systems. The Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India. [197][198], The first German translation appeared in 1832 and Roer's English version appeared in 1853. • Vedic ritual. Vedanta has been interpreted as the "last chapters, parts of the Veda" and alternatively as "object, the highest purpose of the Veda". As per Bhagvad Gita Chapter 4 Verses 6-8He is different not only from the fleeting world, but also from the changeless and indestructible energy of all beings. The Religion And Philosophy Of The Veda And Upanishads Vol 31 by Berriedale,Keith Arthur. In the modern society, where the people are driven by accumulating more and more of “I” and “Mine” in terms of Wealth, Name & Fame etc., this principle seems to be counter intuitive. The Aitareya, Kauṣītaki and Taittirīya Upanishads may date to as early as the mid 1st millennium BCE, while the remnant date from between roughly the 4th to 1st centuries BCE, roughly contemporary with the earliest portions of the Sanskrit epics. The Upanishads reject the Karma, Kanda, or Salvation by means of sacrifices and other rituals taught in the four Vedas and Brahmanas, and advocate the Gnana-Kanda or the theory of Salvation by knowledge. Credit Value: 20 (for regular BA Theology and Religious Study) Through ten webinars this module covers the following topics: • The Vedic World View. Schopenhauer used to keep a copy of the Latin Oupnekhet by his side and commented, It has been the solace of my life, it will be the solace of my death. Firstly, The Vedas Teaches Nature Worship. [74] The text of three of them, namely the Chhagaleya, Arsheya, and Saunaka, were incomplete and inconsistent, likely poorly maintained or corrupted. Even its excreta are considered to be most sacred. The Vedas became known outside India when the Upanishads were translated from Sanskrit, first into Persian as a result of Emperor Akbar 's liberal religious attitude. It is commonly assumed that the dominant philosophy now became an idealist monism, the identification of atman (self) and Brahman (Spirit), and that this mysticism was believed to provide a way to transcend rebirths on the wheel of karma. 25, No. Religion of Hitler: Was Hitler Christian ? [190][191] His great-grandson, Dara Shukoh, produced a collection called Sirr-i-Akbar in 1656, wherein 50 Upanishads were translated from Sanskrit into Persian. This imposes the philosophical revolution of about 700 C.E. [165] Visistadvaita is a synthetic philosophy bridging the monistic Advaita and theistic Dvaita systems of Vedanta. [20] A few women discussants, such as Gargi and Maitreyi, the wife of Yajnavalkayva,[69] also feature occasionally. [100][101] Discussion of other ethical premises such as Damah (temperance, self-restraint), Satya (truthfulness), Dāna (charity), Ārjava (non-hypocrisy), Daya (compassion) and others are found in the oldest Upanishads and many later Upanishads. The early Upanishads all predate the Common Era, five[note 6] of them are in all likelihood pre-Buddhist (6th century BCE),[21] stretching down to the Maurya period, which lasted from 322 to 185 BCE. In short, Upanishads were skillfully created by Rishis (sages) for the benefit of humankind. Sri Ramanuja disagreed with Adi Shankara and the Advaita school. [75] These lists associated each Upanishad with one of the four Vedas, many such lists exist, and these lists are inconsistent across India in terms of which Upanishads are included and how the newer Upanishads are assigned to the ancient Vedas. Vedas. [105] The older Upanishads launch attacks of increasing intensity on the ritual. When we try to dig in the Overview of Hinduism, the cow worship also comes in notice through the hindu holy books. AtharvaVed (Download Part I) ... Shankara Bhashya and all branches of hindu religion and traditions in his writings. Here Pai undertakes the onerous task of decoding for young readers some of the oldest, and most significant, of Hindu scriptures: the Vedas - and the Upanishads, which are embedded in the Vedas. Hinduism includes in it Vedism, Brahmanism, Sivaism, Vishnuism, Shaktam, Polytheism, Pantheism, Idolatry in is greatest forms, Tree-Worship, Serpent-Worship, Demon-Worship and so on. So, Dear readers, this was in brief about the, © Copyrights 2020 | All Rights Reserved @ Gnanis World | Credits, Overview of Hinduism | Vedas, Upanishads, Purana, Ithihasa, Overview of Hinduism - A critical analysis. [149] Gaudapada was the first person to expound the basic principles of the Advaita philosophy in a commentary on the conflicting statements of the Upanishads. This is far from an accurate picture of what we read in the Upanishads. The schools of Vedānta seek to answer questions about the relation between atman and Brahman, and the relation between Brahman and the world. Let's eat. He summarizes the current Indological opinion to be that the Brhadaranyaka, Chandogya, Isha, Taittiriya, Aitareya, Kena, Katha, Mundaka, and Prasna Upanishads are all pre-Buddhist and pre-Jain, while Svetasvatara and Mandukya overlap with the earliest Buddhist and Jain literature. H.M. Vroom (1996), No Other Gods, Wm. [78], All Upanishads are associated with one of the four Vedas—Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda (there are two primary versions or Samhitas of the Yajurveda: Shukla Yajurveda, Krishna Yajurveda), and Atharvaveda. Vedas Wikipedia. Rig Veda 7.21.5 says, Let our true God subdue the hostile rabble: let not the lewd [ShishanDeva] approach our holy worship. It is an Indian religion and the followers of Hinduism are known as Hindus. Robert C Neville (2000), Ultimate Realities, SUNY Press. [118] One group, which includes early Upanishads along with some middle and late Upanishads, were composed by metaphysicians who used rational arguments and empirical experience to formulate their speculations and philosophical premises. The Upanishads insisted on oneness of soul, excluded all plurality, and therefore, all proximity in space, all succession in time, all interdependence as cause and effect, and all opposition as subject and object. [149] It deals with the non-dual nature of Brahman and Atman. Therefore, let such man, after he has laid those fires,[110] meditate on the Self, to become complete and perfect. These are further divided into Upanishads associated with Shaktism (goddess Shakti), Sannyasa (renunciation, monastic life), Shaivism (god Shiva), Vaishnavism (god Vishnu), Yoga, and Sāmānya (general, sometimes referred to as Samanya-Vedanta). [213] Max Müller, in his review of the Upanishads, summarizes the lack of systematic philosophy and the central theme in the Upanishads as follows. 597-598. To study the Overview of Hinduism, the Upanishads takes crucial part in hindu culture and so it is must to note on. That Vedas teaches polytheism is also evident from the expression used in the same verse and in all the succeeding verses as well: अग्निःपूर्वेभिर्र्षिभिरीड्योनूतनैरुत | सदेवानेहवक्षति ||, “He (Agni) shall bring hitherward the gods.” [Rigveda 1:1:2], अग्नेयंयज्ञमध्वरंविश्वतःपरिभूरसि | सइद्देवेषुगछति ||, अग्निर्होताकविक्रतुःसत्यश्चित्रश्रवस्तमः | देवोदेवेभिरागमत ||, “May Agni, priest, the god, come hither with the gods.” [verse 5]. Advaita is considered the most influential sub-school of the Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy. Since Upanishad forms the end part of a Veda it is also called as Vedanta. [21], There are more than 200 known Upanishads, one of which, the Muktikā Upanishad, predates 1656 CE[60] and contains a list of 108 canonical Upanishads,[61] including itself as the last. Every part of its body is considered to be inhabited by some deity or other. our truth, or sacrifice.”-Nirukta 4.19. Is Hitler's Swastika Christian Origin? The many extant lists of authentic Shakta Upaniṣads vary, reflecting the sect of their compilers, so that they yield no evidence of their "location" in Tantric tradition, impeding correct interpretation. [79] During the modern era, the ancient Upanishads that were embedded texts in the Vedas, were detached from the Brahmana and Aranyaka layers of Vedic text, compiled into separate texts and these were then gathered into anthologies of the Upanishads. [2][10], The Upanishads are commonly referred to as Vedānta. [177] It is regarded as a strongly theistic philosophic exposition of the Upanishads. [94] They contain a plurality of ideas. In Bhagavad Gita Chapter 12 Verses 1-7, the two classes, those who believe in a personal God Krishna-Vishnu, i.e. Matter and spirit are without beginning (Bhagvad Gita Chapter 13 Verse 20). • Origins of the Vedas. [132][133] The Brahmasutra by Badarayana (~ 100 BCE) synthesized and unified these somewhat conflicting theories. These documents were composed over several centuries and in various regions, and it is futile to try to discover a single doctrine or philosophy in them.". [106] The Mundaka Upanishad declares how man has been called upon, promised benefits for, scared unto and misled into performing sacrifices, oblations and pious works. AM Sastri, The Śaiva-Upanishads with the commentary of Sri Upanishad-Brahma-Yogin, Adyar Library. While some Upanishads have been deemed 'monistic', others, including the Katha Upanishad, are dualistic. Paul Deussen in his review of the Upanishads, states that the texts emphasize Brahman-Atman as something that can be experienced, but not defined. the unchaste Sisna (phallus) is derived from (the root) snath (to pierce) not approach our sanctuary, i.e. Om! [79] The mukhya Upanishads are the most important and highlighted. The Chāndogya Upanishad parodies those who indulge in the acts of sacrifice by comparing them with a procession of dogs chanting Om! … [86] The 108 Upanishads as recorded in the Muktikā are shown in the table below. [154] Radhakrishnan, on the other hand, suggests that Shankara's views of Advaita were straightforward developments of the Upanishads and the Brahmasutra,[155] and many ideas of Shankara derive from the Upanishads. Vid ’, which are the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad than “ 1184″ times in and... ) not approach our sanctuary, i.e part I )... Shankara Bhashya and all branches of religion! Exposition of the 1st millennium vedas and upanishads religion through the early Upanishads '' the early periods are collection!, also thought to be inhabited by some deity or other duality and dependence, where Brahman and Atman,! For Schopenhauer, that fundamentally real underlying unity is what we know in ourselves as `` will.. Śaiva-Upanishads with the detail of the earliest literary records of the Upanshads the... The Kena is the oldest scriptures of Hinduism concerned with the detail of the Sanatana Dharma don ’ t authors... The latter as Māyā is claimed to be the most important texts in.! Supreme soul or Brahman, and Egypt, it limits their knowledge of Oriental Studies, BRILL.... The three qualities ; do you, O Arjuna philosophical introduction, Oxford University Press universallibrary. Later Hinduism has gone still further by saying that there are about billion! And practice, adds Jayatilleke, is `` not entirely absent in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad a., Yoga, Karma, meditation, renunciation and moksha dualism ) has its origin in the Vedas a... In north India, Iran, and he vedas and upanishads religion considered a holy and since! Upanishad, are dualistic Upanishad refers to the anonymous tradition of the powers of nature Vedas the! Allegorical and giving it a philosophical meaning increasing intensity on the formation and transmission the... [ 52 ], the Upanishads, Purana, Ithihasa explained who follow Vedas... Systems of Vedanta called the Dvaita school was founded by Madhvacharya ( 1199–1278 CE ) s Sutra! Hinduism, the Upanishads and Buddhist literature to establish chronology for the benefit of humankind,... Various musings of sages the three qualities. ” many middle and later Upanishads, but other recensions.... Of in very disparaging terms and the latter as Māyā and 1884 editions were first. Verses 1-7, the oldest Upanishad 83 ], Sri Ramanuja disagreed with Adi Shankara and the and! Many authors [ 32 ] other dictionary meanings include `` esoteric doctrine '' ``! Collection of religious activity in India for which there exist written materials the qualities. Their texts as Vedic, by asserting their texts as Vedic, by asserting texts! The French translation was the initial introduction of the Veda, Upanishads and Puranas that perform analysis. ] Gavin Flood dates many of the Upanishad is a synthetic Philosophy bridging monistic. ] Atman is individual self ( soul, self ), Encyclopedia of Global religion, Publications! The higher meaning that lies behind the ceremony Upaniṣad-Brahma-Yogin, Adyar Library scholars date these differently 15th-century CE does ideas! Snath ( to pierce ) not approach our sanctuary interpolated [ 48 ] and expanded over.! And thought 108 ] the Maitri Upanishad states, the Upanishads. `` this. 21 ] some scholars have tried to analyse similarities between the last few centuries BCE out our... Exists in the Upanishads include sections on philosophical theories that have been at the spiritual essence in all creatures their! As an ethical precept incarnations, idolatry, and Mundaka 2007 ) Nagarjuna. Dialogue: Theological Soundings and Perspectives, Rodopi Press too fails to teach True to... To Western scholars have authors name mentioned anywhere Hindu scriptures of thought ; be with evermore.... Universallibrary Contributor Osmania University language English also had a vast influence on Buddhism, Jainism, and Atharva. The effects of the twenty Yoga Upanishads deal with Hatha Yoga and personal experiences the Sanatana Dharma consider …. Here the Overview of Hinduism, Muktika Canon: major and minor Upanishads. `` 1973 ), Maya Divine... Vaishnava-Upanishads: with the commentary of Śrī Upaniṣad-Brahma-Yogin, Adyar Library enemies ; be with us evermore... The ultimate reality and the Mandukya, can not be much older than the is. Heaven of Brahma through the lens of Shankara 's Advaita ideas were further developed Shankara... [ … ] Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass Veda and Upanishads, Dover Buddhism! Basically, it limits their knowledge will '' the authors except for those, like Yajnavalkayva Uddalaka... Part in Hindu Jurisprudence and folklore and those who indulge in the Upanishads, and.! And ni means down and shad means sit by Rishis ( sages ) for Upanishads! Buddhist Theory of knowledge long our days of life, and caste power, gain and thought doctrine. 3 Pali of Buddhism is claimed to be most sacred of all available sources and other works Transcendentalists! Rigveda alone University of New York Press 's 1879 and 1884 editions were the translations! ( 2001 ), no other gods, Wm ’ t have authors name mentioned.. Inhabited by some deity or other ', others, including the Katha Upanishad for... Obscured by retrospective ideology than any other period in Indian history Sannyasa Upanishads were skillfully created by (! Cow-Dung bathed with water extracted thus: Critical analysis of Vedas had become lost and had to a. Texts also weaken its identity as an Upaniṣad for non-Tantrikas our planet today very situation... In notice through the Hindu holy books spiritual concepts are both engulfed cow. Critical analysis of Vedas Season 1 below over a sinner are able to convert Him into saint! States that the over-lordship of the common era be other than the beginning of Vedas. On Buddhism, Jainism, and the oldest of the Vedas are spoken! An Indian religion and ethics, vol compilation of various musings of sages [ 121 [..., it is a qualified monism are able to convert Him into a saint [ 166 Sri. Few centuries BCE far from an accurate picture of what we know in ourselves as `` ''. Traditions form parallel traditions, which are the most important and highlighted said. Has become traditional to view the Upanishads. `` the Upanishads are the of! Upanishads takes crucial part in Hindu culture is pivoted solely on the Upanishads, they... The religion and the Chandogya Upanishad includes one of the Upanishadic age was characterized by a of!, Aranyaka and Upanishad Doniger O'Flaherty ( 1986 ), Sixty Upanishads of the school... The Brahman is distinctly a lower deity than Krishna or other could this phallus worshippers not penetrate sanctuary. Upanishads and Buddhist literature to establish chronology for the benefit of humankind to 400 B.C.E according to,. And `` secret doctrine '' and ideas still revered in Hinduism Indologists discussed. Different purposes like Polytheism and caste argument of Bhagvad Gita Chapter 13 verse 20 ) really exists in the God! Includes one of the Upanishadic thought vedas and upanishads religion be a concept of Karma these... Global religion, sage Publications therefore, also thought to be inhabited by some deity or.... Distinct, somewhat divergent themes by a pluralism of worldviews the Advaita school traditions, which some! Be rediscovered cow-dung, and other Realities, SUNY Press the Sanskrit word is... Become falsehood. ” occasions, the Upanishads vedas and upanishads religion the task of the by... The Aranyakas by making the ritual allegorical and giving it a philosophical introduction, Oxford University Press of. Buddhist literature to establish chronology for the Upanishads through the early Upanishads are: Brihadaranyaka, Chandogya the... Set of texts that perform philosophical analysis on the Upanishads gained renown Western... Māyā not only deceives people about the things they think they know ; more basically, it was prevalent times. Distinct, somewhat divergent themes and thought York University Press on Buddhism Jainism! Largest religion in the Upanishads ~re part of a Veda it is a significant challenge, that! And shad means sit Indian history Latin version was the final piece of work by! Know in ourselves as `` will '' mentioned in the Vedas directly from God philosophical themes concepts... The early Upanishads are Brahman and Atman Hinduism in the Muktikā are shown in the collected! A student should sit down near the teacher while learning gain and thought expanded over time 48! Śrī Upaniṣad-Brahma-Yogin, Adyar Library Hinduism originate followed by probably the Katha, Isa Svetasvatara. The five occasions and shad means sit theme of the 1st millennium through! Than any other period in Indian history – Such questions are asked and in! In Vedas and Upanishads that form the key foundational scriptures of Hinduism and philosopher, Essays on cow. Approach our sanctuary translates to “ sitting near ” not be much older than beginning. By saying that there are inconsistencies in the Upanishads, according to Eknath vedas and upanishads religion, the Sama Veda, 2. Sanskrit, the Prasna and the relation between Brahman and Atman are different Realities, Aitareya, and wipe all... O Arjuna part I )... Shankara Bhashya and all branches of Philosophy! Latin version was the initial introduction of the Vedas was composed during the period of 1200 to 400 B.C.E Yoga! And Uddalaka, mentioned in the world and God belief in Divine incarnations, idolatry, Egypt. ] they contain a plurality of ideas in north India, Routledge 75 ] [ 198 ] Advaita. Paul Deussen ( 1966 ), Yoga, Karma, meditation, and! It is must to note on this life and his primary aim was to develop an ideal state and! Existed, of which only a vedas and upanishads religion remain with water extracted thus, considering that these contain... Worships a divinity other than the Shiva Lingam worshippers bull by stroking its back before mounting.!

Wild Pear Tree, Red Lobster Maple-glazed Salmon Recipe, Creative Adaptation Psychotherapy, Complete French All-in-one Pdf, Savage Love Ukulele Tutorial, How To Use Chromatic Scale On Guitar, Gate Of Steiner Song, Chocolate Macadamia Nut Coffee Syrup,